Are digital signatures legal in my country?.You also get free document storage when you create an account. Our document processing comes with advanced TLS encryption, so all your file transfers are secure. Totally! Smallpdf and its tools are ISO/IEC 27001 certified as well as compliant with GDPR and eIDAS. But if you can’t find what you’re looking for, just get in touch and we’ll help you out. If you like to pay by Bank Wire Transfer, please fill this form.Got any questions for us about eSign and how it works? We’ve covered a few of our most frequently asked questions about the tool right here. The technical support is free for 12 months after purchase. Email response time is usually less than 24 hours.Ħ0 Day Money Back Guarantee – If you are not pleased with our software for any reason, you are entitled to our 60 day no hassle, no questions asked, money back guarantee. Technical support is provided by email only. We offer free before-and-after purchase technical support for our programs. If you need help with our software, please contact us to receive prompt assistance from our technical support team. The technical support and updates are free for 12 months after purchase. When a new version is released you can continue using your purchased version as usual. There is no additional cost like monthly / annual fees or fees per use. The license for PDF Signer is a lifetime license. – Windows 8 or later (including Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022) – A digital certificate (eIDAS qualified digital certificates QSCD are supported) PAdES Standard – PDF Signer is compatible with PAdES ETSI EN 319 142-1 and LTV (Long Term Validation).ĭocument Certification – When you certify a PDF, you indicate that you approve of its contents. SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512 Algorithms and RSA 2048 – Our software can digitally sign and time stamp PDF documents using SHA1, SHA-256, SHA-384 or SHA-512 hash algorithms and RSA 2048 or higher key length. Such signatures can be verified even after the signer’s certificate expires or is revoked. PDF Signer supports advanced digital signatures which include embedded RFC 3161 compliant secure timestamps. Long-Term Validation Purposes – Using our software you can sign and timestamp PDF documents for long-term validation purposes. Including a timestamp helps to prove that the document wasn’t changed after you had signed it and it reduces the chances of an invalid signature. Timestamping – Like signatures, timestamps are easier to verify when they’re associated with a timestamp authority’s trusted certificate. PKI Interoperability – PDF Signer is completely PKI neutral and will work with PKI components from any vendor (this includes CAs, certificates, CRLs, smartcards, etc.). The positioning of the signature appearance is configurable, plus on which pages of the document it should appear (first page, last page or all pages). If you need more features (watch folder, logging, email and FTP upload), you can try PDF Signer Server.Ĭonfigurable Signature Appearance – PDF Signer provides a fully configurable appearance for its digital signatures. – PAdES ETSI EN 319 142-1 and LTV (Long Term Validation) – Support for eIDAS digital certificates (EU Regulation 910/2014) – Support for certificates issued on smart card, USB token, eToken, DSC, QSCD This is ideal for bulk signing of a large number of corporate documents rather than signing each one individually. Using this product you can quickly sign multiple PDF files (bulk sign) by selecting input and output directory. The main function of PDF Signer is to sign PDF documents using X.509 digital certificates.
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Music Direct does not guarantee delivery within that specified time period. Average ground delivery time ranges from 7-14 business days. THE GREATEST RECORD STORE ON EARTH De grootste platenzaak van Nederland In de leukste winkelstraat van Amsterdam Meer dan 1200 m2 muziek, films en boeken. The ground shipping method used will be determined at Music Direct's discretion. Please Note: Orders that are less than $125 are not guaranteed to ship via FedEx. Orders will be held to ship all back ordered items together when they are all received in stock. Music Direct will not charge additional shipping for any back orders items. Music Direct will contact you with shipping charges for these addresses.Ĭustomers can choose an alternative expedited shipping method but it will not qualify for this free shipping offer. This offer is not included on any shipments to FPO/APO addresses. Music Direct reserves the right to change the terms of this promotion or discontinue this offer at any time. Music Direct reserves the right to select the carrier and ship method within the terms of this offer. This offer cannot be applied to previously placed orders. This offer also excludes Oppo, demos, closeouts/sale items and freight shipped items. **Orders must be at least $49, before tax, to qualify. *Ground shipping to the 48 contiguous states only (FPO/APO excluded). Academy began its life as a bookstore in 1977, slowly expanding into a haven for records, CDs, and DVDs. Transfer Tape for Adhesive Vinyl 143VINYL is built on the principle of helping crafters, sign makers, and small businesses to obtain quality products, providing excellent customer service, FAST shipping, and competitive prices. If you continue to see a shipping charge on your order, please check the exclusions listed below. When your order subtotal reaches $49 in the shopping cart the shipping charge for associated qualifying items will automatically be adjusted on your order. Place a qualifying order over $49* and receive FREE DOMESTIC GROUND SHIPPING. The Budgeting Spreadsheet for People Who Don’t Know How to Budget This template is popular, but it’s also now five years old. This budget from Reddit is a simple template that uses your estimated income to figure a daily allowable spending amount. However, it also works great with the free version of the Foundation Template (included in the link below). This 50/30/20 budget is designed for Tiller’s Foundation Template. The popular 50/30/20 method of budgeting recommends you allocate 50% of your expected take-home income toward needs, 30% toward wants, and 20% toward savings and debt reduction. This super-simple budget calculator will quickly show you how much you can afford to spend and save with just a few clicks. (Also see the Bi-Weekly Budget Worksheet by Smartsheet, which is functionally identical to the previous one except that it is designed for bi-weekly budgeting.) This template is designed to help you budget your expenses weekly, which is perfect for anyone paid on a weekly basis. (Note: This spreadsheet won Tiller Money’s spreadsheet builder’s challenge.) Learn more here. It gives you the flexibility to use the Receipts form or not, and you could add your own features into the form or spreadsheet however you see fit. This template is robust and it’s actually pretty easy and intuitive to use. These images will be saved to Drive and the link to the photos can be found next to the transactions. This Google budget template has a devoted Reddit community and ample help docs.Ī Google form linked to the spreadsheet allows you to record and categorize transactions on the go, and add a receipt photo, tag, and description. The popular Aspire budgeting template for Google Sheets allows you to track every category and every account at a glance to know where your dollars are and if you’re on track for the month. Learn more about the Monthly Budget Calendar See how much you have left before you hit your target, or before the month ends – whichever comes first.See your cumulative spending for the month.–Īlso powered by Tiller (but can be used without a Tiller subscription), the Monthly Budget Calendar is a minimalist spending tracker and monthly budget for Google Sheets. It also provides a dashboard that can be customized with your desired income and expenses by category so you can track your budget throughout the month. Google Sheets’ native monthly budget template is a user-friendly income and expense tracker. Tiller is the fastest, easiest, and most accurate way to budget with Google Sheets. Plus, only Tiller includes AutoCat, the 100% customizable tool that automatically categorizes your transactions according to your rules. And every Tiller subscription includes the flexible Foundation Template, with: Tiller makes it easy to see all your accounts updated in one place. That’s because Tiller automatically imports all your daily spending and balances into your budget spreadsheets. Tiller Foundation Template If you budget with Google Sheets, You need to know about Tiller.
In any case, AXS having its price continually trending up since the beginning of 2021 through the summer makes it a fairly unique player in the crypto world and a very interesting project to watch. Axie Infinity price today is 6.99 with a 24-hour trading volume of 99.32M, market cap of 580.45M, and market dominance of 0.05. Axie Infinity's AXS cryptocurrency is nursing losses ahead of Sunday's planned unlocking of millions of dollars worth of the blockchain-based, play-to-earn project's tokens. This growth may be possibly prompted by Axie Infinity game migration from Ethereum to its own sidechain, as well as the network effects making its user base grow exponentially. On July 27, AXS token price reached a new all-time high of $53.28. However, while the market has generally been staying low since the May crash, Axie Infinity Shards price has been experiencing unprecedented growth in July 2021, surging first to $28.6, then dipping briefly to ~$14.2 (still higher than any previous highs) and then soaring even higher, breaking a few possible resistance lines with no sign of stopping. AXS is also the main currency of the Axie NFT marketplace.ĭuring the first half of 2021, AXS token price followed the crypto market trend spurred by the Bitcoin rally, growing from $0.5–$0.6 in January to over $10 by April and then going down to ~$4 at the beginning of the summer. Players’ tokens must be staked to participate in the voting process, which also allows them to earn rewards. Those tokens are earned in battles as experience points.ĪXS token is used for governance of the Community Treasury. To get more unique combinations, Axies can be bred, which requires the second token circulating in the game - Smooth Love Potion (SLP). According to Digital Coin Price the AXS token might hit approximately 30 by 2025. A player can also build the environment for their Axies, such as purchasing land, which is also tradable. The first exchange rate of AXS detected by our platform is 0.4316770, the lowest price was 0.4316770 in Dec 2020, and. Every Axie is an NFT token and can be traded with other players or sold - the most valuable ones selling for upwards of $820,000. There is a wide variety of body parts that a player can choose to add to their Axie and evolve it, so there are some unique and valuable builds out there. Players start by purchasing Axies - the creatures that can breed, get ability upgrades and fight against other players’ Axies. The Axie Infinity: Origins card game will now be able to access it on the Apple App Store, the developers announced. Īxie Infinity is a game inspired by Pokemon and other titles like it. The creators of Axie Infinity claim that its purpose is combining work and play - meaning that the players can earn real-world rewards while having fun. Is it a good time to buy Axie Infinity (AXS). Visit Decrypt for real-time Axie Infinity price and latest news. The price of Axie Infinity is expected to reach a maximum price of 12.64 in 2023. This is what makes Axie Infinity different: Katana makes it simple for players of their game to trade tokens amongst themselves without the need for centralized control.Axie Infinity Shards (AXS) is a governance token used in the Axie Infinity game - the hottest blockchain game of the summer of 2021. Price of Axie Infinity: Get the current AXS price, live chart and market updates. Sky Mavis created Katana as an AMM for use with the Ronin side chain. KatanaĪxie Infinity has a decentralized exchange called Katana, a feature that differentiates it from other play-to-earn games. The annual percentage yield (APY) has decreased over time but is still above average. Axie Infinity’s creator, Sky Mavis, distributed a substantial quantity of AXS tokens to early adopters when the staking platform started. All given information about Axie Infinity (AXS). The staking program, which began in October 2021, allows users to earn rewards by holding AXS tokens. Although the Axie Infinity game was created in 2018, the AXS coin was launched in October 2020 through a public token sale, with AXS price set at 0. The Axie Infinity (AXS) live price today is 6.96, changes over 24H (-0.43). Axie Infinity USD Price Today - discover how much 1 AXS is worth in USD with converter, price chart, market cap, trade volume, historical data and more. The potential for exponentially increasing your investment with Axie Infinity is another compelling argument in favor of buying the token. The wide variety of in-game transactions before NFTs and the growing popularity of play-to-earn games suggest that the gaming industry will continue to adopt a platform that can effortlessly connect with almost any digital transaction. The gaming industry is a massive market with a value of $173.7 billion, which is expected to reach $315 billion by 2027. The BAER team calculates it has a 70 to 85 percent chance of completing emergency treatments before a damaging storm hits and undoes the repairs. Above: The Chetco Bar Fire on July 13, 2017, day two, as seen from a. The main concern for national forest managers is to get as many of the planned treatments in place as possible before heavy winter rain storms arrive. Timeline of Chetco Bar Megafire shows decisions made during initial attack The fire has burned 191,000 acres. Since these endangered birds need intact canopy to survive, Anne Poopatanapong says, “… we’re going to be waiting decades or more for these habitats to recover.” That means those areas lost 40 percent or more of their tree canopy. Soldiers and Airmen from all corners of Oregon have been volunteering to help out with this year's fire season and the team at the Chetco Bar Fire has been under the leadership of the. emergency situation determination (BSD) to the Chief of the Forest Service. Half the known spotted owl nesting areas and 37 percent of the marbled murrelet habitat in the burn zone were in moderate or severe burn areas. harvest fire-killed trees in the 2017 Chetco Bar fire area. The fire is approximately 5 miles northeast of Brookings, Oregon. The initial size-up of the fire was 1/4 acre burning in the 2002 Biscuit Fire and 1987 Silver Fire scars located in the Kalmiopsis Wilderness, roughly six air miles west of Pearsoll Peak and north of the Chetco River. Most of that work has been approved and funded and will get underway soon.īut some damage can’t be repaired. The Chetco Bar Fire was reported on July 12, 2017. The BAER team recommended a variety of actions to stabilize slopes, remove hazard trees, repair trails, prevent the spread of invasive plant species and more. Eligible items can include expenses for field camps equipment use, repair and replacement mobilization and demobilization activities and tools, materials and supplies.“We’ve received funding to make sure that we have folks out driving those roads during storm events and making sure that culverts aren’t getting plugged, and if they are, we’ve got equipment available to clear those.” They do not provide assistance to individuals, homeowners or business owners and do not cover other infrastructure damage caused by the fire.įMAGs are provided through the President's Disaster Relief Fund and made available by FEMA to assist in fighting fires that threaten to cause a major disaster. These grants provide reimbursement for firefighting and life-saving efforts. The authorization makes FEMA funding available to pay 75 percent of the state of Oregon’s eligible firefighting costs for managing, mitigating and controlling designated fires. The fire was zero percent contained at the time of FMAG approval. Seventeen other large fires were burning uncontrolled within the state. The fire is burning 99,944 acres, approaching designation as a 'megafire' - defined by the. The National Interagency Fire Center has now labeled the Chetco Bar Fire burning in the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest near Brookings, Oregon, the 'top priority fire' in the country. The fire started on August 12, 2017, and had burned in excess of 43,000 acres of federal, state, private, and tribal land. The Chetco Bar Fire is seen burning on Aug. Mandatory and voluntary evacuations were issued for approximately 1750 people. It burned 191,125 acres (773 km 2) as of November 4, when it was declared 100 contained. The fire, which was caused by a lightning strike and first reported on July 12, 2017. Oregon National Guard supports firefighting efforts for Chetco Bar Fire. The fire was also threatening supporting infrastructure in the area. The Chetco Bar Fire was a wildfire in the Kalmiopsis Wilderness, Oregon, United States. Approximately 350 of the threatened homes are primary residences and 350 are secondary homes. PDT on August 20, 2017.Īt the time of the request, the fire was threatening 700 homes in and around the communities of Tillman Ranch, Wilderness Retreat and South Fork Campground. Loper approved the state of Oregon’s request for a federal Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) at 12:35 a.m. The FEMA Acting Regional Administrator, Sharon Loper, determined that the fire threatened such destruction as would constitute a major disaster. SEATTLE – The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has authorized the use of federal funds to help with firefighting costs for the Chetco Bar Fire burning in Curry County, Oregon. This kit is very similar to ‘Voicemail Scmpage 2019’ and gathers the same data, as shown in the image below: The second phishing kit we discovered is called ‘Office 365 Information Hollar’. The following data is harvested from the victims and emailed to the owner of the phishing site: The kit goes by the name of ‘Voicemail Scmpage 2019’ and operates on a license key basis, where the license key is checked prior to the phishing site being loaded.Ī snippet of the generated HTML code is shown below:Ī file, data.txt, is created on the compromised website and it contains a list of visitors, including their IP address, web browsers and the date. The first kit is being sold on an ICQ channel and the creator advertises it on social media. All three look almost identical but we were able to differentiate them by looking at the generated HTML code and the parameters which were accepted by the PHP script. Audio_Telephone_ Īs explained in the introduction, we were surprised to observe three different phishing kits being used to generate the malicious websites.We observed the following filenames being used for the attachments: When the password is entered, the user is presented with the following successful login page and redirected to the login page. The email address is prepopulated when the website is loaded this is another trick to reinforce the victim’s belief that the site is legitimate. Once redirected, the victim is shown the phishing page which asks them to log into their account. The HTML code which plays the recording is shown below: There are slight variations in the attachment, but the most recent ones contain an audio recording of someone talking which will lead the victim to believe they are listening to the beginning of a legitimate voicemail. The phishing email contains a HTML file as an attachment which, when loaded, will redirect the user to the phishing website. The attack begins when the victim receives an email informing them that they have missed a phone call, along with a request to login to their account to access their voicemail.Īn example of the malicious email is shown below: McAfee Customers using VSE, ENS, Livesafe, WebAdvisor and MGW are protected against this phishing campaign. However, during our investigation, we found three different malicious kits and evidence of several high-profile companies being targeted. At first, we believed that only one phishing kit was being used to harvest the user’s credentials. Over the past few weeks McAfee Labs has been observing a new phishing campaign using a fake voicemail message to lure victims into entering their Office 365 email credentials. Strangely, the Xbox achievements included are are only awarded for beating the arcade versions of games, so if you are a bit of a Gamerscore collector as well as a retro fan, that’s something to bear in mind. Now, some of these were released on home consoles at the time of their original appearance, and if that’s the case, you can choose to play the original arcade version, or the home version when selecting the title you wish to play. The list is decent in fact: Alpha Mission, Athena, Crystalis, Guerrilla War, Ikari Warriors 1, 2 and 3, Iron Tank, P.O.W., Prehistoric Isle, Psycho Soldier, Street Smart, TNKIII and finally Vanguard. Luckily, there’s more on offer here in the SNK 40th Anniversary Collection – and that means games. It’s no exaggeration to say that if you are interested in retro games, this is almost worth the price of admission on its own, even if only to learn that Shin Nihon Kikaku means “New Japan Product”. To be frank, the level of care and attention put into this section of the collection is amazing, and I spent an informative hour or more just absorbing knowledge. Now, my Japanese reading level is basic (is there a level below basic?), but helpfully each slide has a caption taking you through what is being shown. The amount of information here is mind boggling, including original manuals in Japanese, complete with wacky drawings to demonstrate what they are saying. Before even getting to the games, I checked out the “SNK Complete Works: 1978-1990” section – mainly to see what it was all about if I’m honest – and it is here where you’ll find a collection of trivia and screenshots about everything SNK ever released, from early cabinets to later software only releases. The SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is getting a deluxe physical release, too, which adds the usual soundtrack CD and art book to the bundle the US price is set at $65.First up and the presentation of the collection is absolutely top notch. We’re hoping they add the underrated Time Soldiers and maybe a dash of their glitchy-but-fun Double Dragon clone, Gang Wars. Our guess is that, with another publisher (adorably named Hamster) releasing later SNK games on the Switch’s eShop, SNK are opting to stick with their earlier hits. On its official website, SNK says that more games will be announced in the near future, which makes us wonder what they’ll add to the current list. (arcade and home versions) Prehistoric Isle In 1930 Psycho Soldier Street Smart TNK III (arcade and home versions) Vanguard Victory Road (arcade and home versions)Īs you can see, most of the games come in two versions, and, as is common with these modern collections of retro games, the package will have a save system, 1080p upscaling and one of those happy “rewind my mistake” features. This isn’t to say there isn’t a great selection of games here, though: Prehistoric Isle In 1930 is a great, rock-hard horizontal shooter (with a tiny plane versus gigantic dinosaurs) Victory Road is a somewhat surreal sci-fi follow-up to Ikari Warriors, and Psycho Soldier is a fun little action platformer.Īll told, 13 titles have been announced so far, and the list looks like this:Īlpha Mission (arcade and home versions) Athena (arcade and home versions) Crystalis Ikari Warriors (arcade and home versions) Ikari III: The Rescue (arcade and home versions) Guerrilla War (arcade and home versions) P.O.W. Ikari Warriors may have been the military action game that put SNK on the global map, but alongside it you’ll find lesser-known titles like Alpha Mission, Crystalis and Street Smart. In place of its later hits, SNK has instead opted to gather up some of its earlier, and largely more obscure, arcade titles. Enduro Racer: the weirdest 80s videogame ending ever? This makes it possible to recover even files that have been deleted a very long time ago, and it’s one of the reasons why Disk Drill for Mac is the best iPhone recovery software. In addition to direct device scans, Disk Drill for Mac can also scan any past iTunes backup stored on your Mac. Disk Drill for Mac lets you preview files before recovery, making it easy for you to recover only what you really need. In just a few minutes, you should see all recoverable files. To recover data from an iPhone with Disk Drill for Mac, you need to connect your iPhone to your Mac and scan it by clicking the Recover button. With its intuitive user interface, Disk Drill has made it possible for hundreds of thousands of users to painlessly recover data from all major devices, including iPhones and other members of the iOS family. □ Apply a coupon “DDIPHONE” during the checkout process, and you’ll get Disk Drill PRO Lifetime (Mac edition) with a 35% discount.ĭisk Drill for Mac is a popular iPhone recovery tool that delivers professional data recovery performance in a sleek package. If you value your data, it often makes sense to purchase the full version of one of the best iPhone data recovery apps on the market and get your data back right on the first try.Īfter putting several dozen iPhone recovery tools through their paces, we’ve been able to come up with the following list. □ Price: Just because free iPhone recovery software solutions are readily available doesn’t mean that you should avoid paid software. □️ Performance: The iPhone can open, modify, and create countless different file formats, and the best iPhone data recovery software solutions can recover everything from images to audio and video files to documents and file archives.There are many software solutions that make it possible to recover data from an iPhone with a few simple clicks and without any expert knowledge. □️ Ease of use: Data recovery doesn’t have to be complicated-at least not if you select the right data recovery software.Since a new version of iOS is released roughly once a year, it’s a good idea to pick iOS recovery software that’s actively developed and frequently updated. □ Compatibility: The iOS recovery software of your choice must be compatible with your operating system and support your iPhone.There are many malicious and poorly optimized applications that do more harm than good, and you need to avoid them at all cost, otherwise you might make the already bad situation even worse. □️ Reliability: Unfortunately, not all software is safe and reliable.Here’s what you should consider when choosing an iPhone data recovery tool: There are many iPhone data recovery tools on the internet-both free and paid-but they vary greatly when it comes to their usability and data recovery performance. What to Consider When Selecting an iPhone Data Recovery Tool? IPhone 3GS-6 / iPod touch 4, 5 / iPad 1-mini 2 IPhone 5-11 / iPod touch 4, 5 / All models of iPad $89 Lifetime License ( $58 with a coupon □) Quick Comparison of iPhone Recovery Software How to recover deleted WhatsApp messages on iPhone?.
The Lady Dior bag was also crafted with a pair of demi-arched handles and yellow gold hardware. Like the posture required of such a lady, the bag didn’t and couldn’t slouch-and perhaps nodded to Monsieur Dior’s design philosophy: “I wanted my dresses to be constructed like buildings,” he once said. It featured black quilted leather (a design inspired by the upholstery on the Napoleon III chairs Monsieur Dior used at his first shows) that wrapped an elegantly rectangular box. The resulting design was, appropriately, fit for a princess. As the story goes, in 1995, Bernadette Chirac, the wife of French president Jacques Chirac, rang up Dior with a request: She wanted the maison to craft a custom bag that would be gifted to Princess Diana on her visit to Paris. One of his most lasting contributions to the brand is unquestionably the Lady Dior bag. In 1989, Gianfranco Ferré began his appointment as creative director for the house of Dior. And no Dior handbag history would be complete without the style made famous by the most regal of Miss Diors-a certain Princess Diana, for whom Dior named the Lady Dior bag. Since then, John Galliano splashed the Oblique all over everything from itty-bitty bikinis to his signature giddy-up Saddle bags, and current Dior creative director Maria Grazia Chiuri has applied it liberally to handbags of all shapes and sizes. It was two years before the world first saw it look 42 from the spring 1969 collection featured a positively modish model wearing a woolly coat, bug-eye specs, and a boxy shoulder bag bearing the would-be iconic monogram. (One Yves Saint Laurent was next in the line of succession, after which Bohan arrived in late 1960.) In 1967, Bohan drummed up the Oblique monogram, in which the four letters of Dior appear tossed together at an italic tilt and then stacked upon each other over and over until they form a diagonal line. But the cult of Dior handbags as we know it now-the Lady bag, the Saddle bag, the Book tote-should really be traced to Marc Bohan, the second designer to take the helm of the fashion house following Monsieur Dior’s untimely death from a heart attack in 1957. Understanding the formation of the Martian moons would contribute to the overall understanding of the formation of the Solar System, and scientists from ESA are considering a future sample return mission to Phobos.These images have surpassed all previous images from other missions in continuous coverage of the illuminated surface, not blurred and at the highest resolution. The circular orbit suggests that Phobos formed in situ whilst analysis of the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer data from Mars Express also points towards in situ formation but does not rule out the possibility that Phobos is a captured achondrite-like meteor.įurther information about the orbit, shape, rotation and interior structure of Phobos would have been gathered by the Phobos-Soil mission, which failed to leave Earth orbit following launch in 2011. Data from the Mars Express OMEGA spectrometer suggests Phobos has a primitive composition, so primitive materials must have been available for accretion during its formation. It is possible that Phobos formed in situ at Mars, from ejecta from impacts on the Martian surface, or from the remnants of a previous moon which had formed from the Martian accretion disc and subsequently collided with a body from the asteroid belt. Its composition and structural strength seem to be inconsistent with the capture scenario. The team concluded that Phobos is likely to contain large voids, which makes it less likely to be a captured asteroid. Analysis of Mars Express radio science data gave new information about the mass of Phobos based on the gravitational attraction it exerts on the spacecraft. One reason to suspect that Phobos is not a captured asteroid is its density. Data returned by the infrared mapping spectrometer experiment on board the Phobos 2 mission supported this view, but more recent investigations of its composition, including research with data provided from fly-bys by Mars Express, suggest that other processes may have been responsible.Ĭlose-up of Phobos, acquired on 28 July 2008. One idea is that Phobos is a captured asteroid. The origin of Phobos is being studied in detail but remains unclear. Phobos may have a dust torus, but evidence for this has so far been indirect. However, other grooves on the central portion of the moon run almost parallel and it is suggested that they may have been created by ejecta from impacts on the Martian surface below. Radiating from Stickney are large grooves which may indicate the force of the impact. Numerous secondary craters were probably formed as the result of the impact which created Stickney, which means crater count is an inaccurate chronometer for Phobos. The dominant feature on Phobos is a relatively large impact crater (diameter about 9.5 km), named Stickney, which was the maiden name of Asaph Hall's wife. Observations by the Mars Global Surveyor revealed that the surface is covered in dust at least one metre thick, suggesting erosion due to meteor bombardment.Īn image of the Mars-facing side of Phobos. In 1988, the Soviet spacecraft Phobos 2, detected outgassing from the satellite, but could not ascertain its nature because of a malfunction, during which a planned lander was also lost. It has a very lumpy appearance, and is heavily cratered. Phobos is too light for gravity to make it spherical. (Click here for further details and larger versions of this video)Ĭredit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. It orbits so close to the surface of Mars that the curvature of the planet would obscure its view from an observer standing in Mars' polar regions. The orbital period of Phobos is three times faster than the rotation period of Mars, with the unusual result among natural satellites that Phobos rises in the west and sets in the east as seen from Mars. Its orbit is decaying by 1.8 cm per year, so it is expected to crash into Mars, or break up to leave a ring of fragments around the planet, within 100 million years. It orbits once every 7 hours 39 minutes just 5989 km above the surface of Mars. Phobos has an equatorial orbit, which is almost circular. Deimos means 'terror' or 'panic' and Phobos means 'fear'. The moons are named after the children of the Greek god Ares - who, like the Roman Mars, is the god of war. It was discovered along with its smaller companion, Deimos, by Asaph Hall at the Naval Observatory in Washington DC in August 1877. Phobos is one of two very small satellites of the planet Mars. |
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